It was in 1983 that Finnish power company Wartsila Diesel supplied the first power engine in India. Since then, over a period of more than 25 years, the company has gained experience of providing complete lifecycle power solutions for the Indian market through its local arm Wartsila India. Group Vice-President of the parent company, Vesa Rihimaki, who was in India recently, and Rakesh Sarin, Managing Director, Wartsila India spoke to Pallavi Karan Chakravorty on smart power generation and the need for peaking power plants in the country. Excerpts:
What are the challenges in functioning in a country like India?
RS: The biggest challenge is that the universal service obligation is not
followed in this country. There was a commitment from the government of India
that there would be power for all by 2012, but that promise is nowhere being
fulfilled. Today the industry is suffering because of this; companies are forced
to install captive power plants to ensure regular power supply. If we have that
sorted out and the utilities are asked to provide reliable power then it will
solve many of our problems. Electricity is the biggest multiplier and one unit
lost means a loss of `32 to `122, which means we need to make our system much
more robust.
VR:
There is also a need to reduce bureaucracy in import and export activity; it is
not really supportive at present. If the decisions are taken faster and there is
less paper work, operations can become more effective.
How different is functioning in India compared to other developing countries?
VR:
Compared to India, Chinese are far more driven towards getting and attracting
investment and they really invite people. Land is allocated if you really want
to establish an industrial activity and you can very easily start an activity.
The government in many areas provides investment support. In this regard there
is a big difference.
RS: We are not able to provide basic infrastructure in terms of land,
roads, power, port etc. to companies which want to invest in India. But I must
add that the entrepreneurship of India despite all these odds is showing
tremendous growth. Imagine if we have 24/7 power, what kind of growth we can
achieve. Data shows that we have invested close to
`100,000 crore in generator
sets, inverters and other means of alternative power back-up.
Wartsilla has been in India for the past couple of decades. Has it achieved the desired target?
RS: Most of India Inc’s biggest companies have our captive power
plants including Tatas and Birlas. At present we generate close to 3,500 mw of
power through our various plants. The bulk of it is HFO and about 700 mw is
gas-based, but now we see an opportunity in peaker plants. The base-load
capacity is almost there, earlier we were deficit even in that. So the company
strategy is to make people aware about the benefits of a peaker plant so that
regular power supply can be achieved.
VR:
It started with captive power plants in India but now we have a large project
management automisation in India. Apart from Finland, India is the second
country which is a major project management centre for Wartsila. We also have a
manufacturing centre here which is providing supplies globally as well. Also,
our solutions have two other dimensions, sustainability and affordability.
What is your latest innovation and product mix for India?
RS: We have the data for a peaking power plant model and it has been
presented to various authorities but for them to work together we need a proper
regulatory authority. Otherwise no one will put such an expensive mechanism into
place. After all, who will take care of the capital expenditure of a plant which
would operate for only about six hours a day? So, a sound regulatory framework
is important to roll out such ideas in the country.
VR:
I think now we are actually coming to the bottleneck as to why such a model has
not been implemented yet. People see power generation only in terms of base
load, but if we really look at the whole curve of the day then it is peaking
power plants that we need to solve our problems. So, we need to average out the
cost as both systems would be supporting each other. There should be some
regulatory requirements about a certain amount of peaking power in the system.
The faster the changes are made, the faster the model can be implemented.
Has this model been custom-made for India or has it been experimented with in any other country?
VR:
I’ll quote the example of Brazil which is generating 90 per cent of
its power from water. If you have such a large number of hydro power plants then
it is very difficult to have thermal plants in the system unless they study
their architecture. Brazil is now using thermal power plants as back-up for
power in case the water levels see a drop and is using 15-20 mw of thermal power
as back-up. In India where thermal power is the base load factor, we can opt for
LNG based peaker plants with very low capital expenditure. These peaker plants
can be installed within a year and require an investment of a mere
`3.5 crore per mw against
`5-6 crore per mw for thermal
plants. These plants are multipurpose plants; they can pitch in for power during
peaking hours and become an integral part of the power system in future.
What is the biggest issue facing this model?
RS: We don’t have a regulatory framework in place for peaker plants
which is why this LNG-based peaker plant model is yet to be implemented. We are
saying that even LNG costing $16-18 per mmbtu optimises the cost as against HSD
which is priced close to $40 per mmbtu (this cost is subsidised but the end cost
to consumers is still very high) and which is being used in the unorganised
sector. If we replace HSD with LNG in an organised way, it would be much more
cost-effective and also improve the efficiency of the plants. The average cost
to consumer would also come down drastically.
What is Wartsila’s strategy in India?
RS: We want to showcase to the government and to the people the things happening around the world. As India’s 80 per cent infrastructure is yet to be built in the next 15 years, so with our global experience we are trying to add more value into the system and once that is added, it’s a win-win situation.
Fuel is a major problem for the power sector today. How has it affected your company?
RS: We are trying to offer solutions, for example we are not into coal and gas has become scarce and is also expensive. We are trying to utilise gas for peaking plants and saying that you can utilise for four times the capacity but only for hours when the demand is at its peak. So, we are trying to give a solution to the country about how to utilise gas properly. That way we will also use less coal and the efficiency of coal plants would improve. Our study says that we could save 6.9 per cent energy if we deploy these flexible power plants.
Which has been your most successful project in India?
RS: In 2003, we did a project for RK Energy and it functions in a manner very similar to flexible power plants. They operate at low plant load factor but their efficiency is the highest. They started with 80 mw and they kept extending when more gas was available to them.
(InfralineEnergy thanks Vesa Rihimaki, Group Vice-President and Rakesh Sarin,
Managing Director, Wartsila India for sharing their valuable insights with our
readers. The column 'In-Conversation', is a platform to engage
experts from various sectors to share their views on the different
transformations happening in the Indian energy sector.)